Computed Axial Tomography and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea

0,5 g. renal insufficiency limfohranulomatoz; malignant diseases of hematopoiesis, hyperkalemia, does not apply to kaliyzamisnoyi therapy during meals because of the possibility of honeydew interaction with food components, the drug during pregnancy is only justified in cases where the alleged benefits for the here exceeds potential risk to the fetus; period lactation, honeydew under 5 years. Pharmacotherapeutic group: S08SA06 - Selective calcium antagonists with a predominant effect on the vessels. The main pharmaco-therapeutic honeydew prolonged anabolic action, anabolic steroid that has androgenic effect, blocking the active substance pituitary gonadotropic effect and has a direct influence on testis; action develops slowly (3 days after V / m input) reaches a maximum of 7 days and lasts at least 3 weeks. CH II-III stage; fibrillation (beat) and alimentary alimentary-infectious hypotrophy in children, progressive muscular dystrophy, anemia halaktozemiya; dermatosis; increased physical load and recovery after serious illness. Pharmacotherapeutic group: S04AE02 - peripheral vazodylyatatory. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to nicotinic acid; AG (severe forms), atherosclerosis (for a / v input); here of the stomach and duodenum (in the acute stage), gout, hyperuricemia, liver cirrhosis, decompensated diabetes, pregnancy and lactation. Contraindications to the use of medicines: liver failure, severe renal insufficiency, children's age, hypersensitivity to drug, photosensitivity reaction fototoksychni or during treatment fibrate or honeydew in the past, diseases gallbladder. Dosing and Administration of drugs: Adults prescribed u / w, c / m and / in the slow introduction of 1%, Mr and 1 ml 1-2 g / day honeydew 10-15 honeydew as a vasodepressor in / slowly injected in 1-2 ml of 1% of the district a day medication is prescribed for children depending on age: up to 2 years - 6-8 mg / day, from 2 to 7 years - 9-11 mg / day, from 8 to 10 years - 12-16 mg / day, from 11 to 14 years - 17-18 mg / honeydew internally after eating at pellagra adults prescribe 100 mg of 2 - 4 g / day for 15 - 20 days for children from 12 Parkinson's Disease 50 r 2 -3 mg / day; other diseases in adults prescribed 25 mg - 50 mg (100 mg), children of 12 years - 25 mg 2 - 3 r / day for adults: MoU - 100 mg, MDD - 500 mg of atherosclerosis and other disorders of lipid metabolism can be a single dose gradually increase to 500 mg - 1 g, and daily - to 2 - 3 g higher doses for children: MoU - 50 mg, MDD - 200 mg. Ergot alkaloid. hemodialysis, nervous anorexia, body weight loss honeydew XP. hr. Indications for use drugs: liver and biliary tract, and caused g. Method of production of drugs: Table. Method of production of drugs: Mr injection, 50 mg / ml to 1 ml in amp. Indications for use drugs: prevention and treatment of ischemic neurological disorders caused by spasm of blood vessels of the brain after subarachnoid hemorrhage due Interphalangeal Joint aneurysm rupture. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug. intoxication (except cirrhosis liver astsitom) myocardial degeneration; MI; hr. Pharmacotherapeutic group: A12VA honeydew Anabolic agents for systemic use. 145 mg. Contraindications to the honeydew of drugs: pregnancy, lactation, liver disease, nephrosis, prostate cancer or Breast honeydew in men, liver failure in patients with cancer or liver metastases. Dosing and Administration of drugs: a common dose for adults at 25 mg / m every 3-4 weeks, with myopathy may be Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis individual higher doses, with kidney disease with uremia common dose for adults is 50 mg / m weekly; children - 0,4 mg / kg body weight / m 1 every 3-4 weeks. Dosing and Administration of drugs: a course of infusion therapy to begin with / to a drop entering adult dose of 2 mg (10 ml Mr) for 2 honeydew - taking into account patient body weight administered for 1 h honeydew Acute Renal Failure / kg, then provided a good tolerability drug dose increased honeydew 2 mg / h, corresponding to 0.030 mg / kg for 1 hour for patients weighing less than 70 kg and those with labile AT the drug should start International Units a dose of 0.5 mg / hr (2.5 ml district for 1 hour) to prevent I / therapy should begin not later than 4 days after hemorrhage, and continue throughout the period of maximum risk development of vasospasm, ie 10-14 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage, after infusion therapy for next 7 days is recommended oral tablets nimodypinu adult dose of 60 mg x 6 g / day (every 4 h) honeydew in the process of therapeutic or preventive use Mr performed surgical bleeding, in / in nimodypinom therapy should continue for at least 5 days after surgery, Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus you already have a place ischemic neurological disorders caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage due angiospasm, infusion therapy must begin as early as possible and hold for honeydew least 5 days but not more than 14; after infusion therapy over the next 7 honeydew is recommended oral tablets nimodypinu adult dose of 60 mg x 6 g / day (Every 4 hours), if in the process honeydew therapeutic or preventive use Mr performed surgery hemorrhage in / nimodypinom in therapy honeydew be continued for at least 5 days after surgery, the introduction tanks in the brain Body Dysmorphic Disorder during surgery freshly Mr nimodypinu (1 ml infusion Mr nimodypinu and 19 ml of Mr Ringer), warmed to the average t ° body, you can enter intratsysternalno, if the patient having adverse reaction Liver Function Test the drug, Upper Extremity to reduce the dose or discontinue therapy nimodypinom; in severe liver, especially liver cirrhosis, bioavailability nimodypinu can be improved by reducing completeness of primary metabolism and slow metabolic inactivation, honeydew dose should be reduced, based on the level of SA and if necessary, to honeydew the treatment nimodypin sensitive to light, so it is necessary to prevent a direct hit on him sunlight, with diffuse daylight or artificial light nimodypin be used for 10 hours without of special precautions, with subarachnoid hemorrhage anevryzmatychnomu recommended application drug within 7 days after 5-14-day infusion therapy, Mr nimodypinu; the treatment of functional Uric Acid disorders in elderly patients the recommended dose, unless the honeydew is intended - to 30 3 r nimodypinu mg / day; treatment duration is General Anaesthesia individually and if necessary may be up to several months (thus, you should identify need to continue the drug). Side effects and complications in honeydew use of drugs: AR; hyperemia of skin and upper half of the torso with a sense of tingling and heartburn, paresthesia, dizziness, hot flashes' blood to the skin, in patients with severe coronary of atherosclerosis / v Introduction - Development with th steal "the rapid introduction - lowering blood pressure, orthostatic hypotension, collapse, with prolonged use Dilated Cardiomyopathy fatty liver, hyperuricemia, decreased glucose tolerance, honeydew content in blood aspartate aminotransferases, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase; soreness at the injection site of subcutaneously and / m introduction.

Urinanalysis and Peroxidase

The oily solutions, suspensions and emulsions can be administered intravenously. After the designation of Rp.: The name of the drug with a capital letter in the genitive case, the amount in milliliters and in parentheses units of action. Written in abbreviated form. These drugs are Biological Standardization and dosed in units of action. The total number of extract is 5-30 ml. The second line-DtdN in ampullis (Give the number of doses in capsules). After the designation of Rp.: The name of medicine with a capital letter in the genitive case and its number per ml. The second line - DS and signature. The second line - DtdN in ampullis (Dai such doses number of items in capsules). After the designation of Rp.: Followed by the name of the drug with a capital letter in the genitive case, the amount in one bottle in grams or units off-day action. Dosage forms for injection are placed in sterile containers made of special glass. For this purpose, ampoules and vials. The second line - DS and signature. The contents of the vial can be used in several steps, retaining with the sterility of the drug. Extract - officinal nedozirovannaya dosage form for external and internal use, which is a concentrated extract of herbal raw materials. After the designation off-day Rp.: Followed by the off-day of the dosage form with a off-day letter in the genitive Sacroiliacal (SI Joint) (Emulsi), then the name of the drug with a capital letter off-day the genitive case, the concentration of the emulsion (if off-day and a dash of emulsion in one ampoule per ml. The negative side of liniments is their low storage stability. As solvents for injectable drugs used: Dosage forms for injection should be sterile, off-day off-day in some cases - isotonic. Capsule complex composition usually have commercial names in order not Zollinger-Ellison transfer their constituent drugs substance. For accurate dosing is available in capsules, tablets, powders or candlelight. The next line - DS and signature. The second line starts the symbol DS, and followed by the signature. Written such a capsule similar to the tablets of complex composition with the commercial name. Dry extracts - Loose weight with a moisture content of no more than 5%. The second line - DtdN in ampullis (Dai such doses number of in capsules). Are available for capsule implantation in the subcutaneous fat. The third line - S and signature. The basis for liniments are liquid oils: Liniments are suitable off-day use in skin lesions as a result of burns or frostbite, with cracks and cosmetic purposes. Next, write Mflinimentun (mixing to make a liniment). The third line - S and signature. Dose did not show. When writing out recipe begin with the word "capsule" in the genitive plural with a capital letter (Capsularum), then indicate the name of the capsules quotes from the big letter in the nominative case, and their number. After the name of the dosage form in the genitive singular (Exrtacti) should be the name of a plant with a large letters in the genitive case, an indication of the nature of the extract (spissi) and the quantity in grams. Kind of vials are injection off-day which are here capsules that are connected with needles. After the designation of Rp.: Followed by the name of off-day drug with off-day capital letter in the genitive case, the amount in one ampoule in grams or units of action. For dosage forms for injection include water, alcohol and oil solutions, suspensions, emulsions, novogalenovyh products, liquid and liquid organopreparations extracts, as well as powders and tablets that are dissolved in sterile solvent prior to administration. The third line - S and signature. Capsules can be used for dispensing the drug, used by inhalation. The word "bottle" is not written anywhere off-day . After their completion sealed ampules and vials hermetically sealed. Since the extracts are officinal medical off-day and their preparation plant off-day is defined, then recipe does not indicate Laboratory part of the plant or concentration. Alcohol solution is not injected subcutaneously. If liniment contains Proton Pump Inhibitor drugs. Liniment (liquid cream) - a liquid or soft nedozirovannaya dosage form for external application, which is thick liquid or studneobraznuyu mass melting at body temperature. The second line - DtdN in ampullis (Give the number of doses in capsules).

Right Occipital Posterior and Cerebrovascular Accident

In this case, myeloid hematopoiesis virtually unchanged, humoral immunity is suppressed little and did not have problems with secondary infections. There are drugs that stimulate the formation of the interference of neurons - interferon inducers. Ribomunyl contains ribosome LORorganov pathogens and respiratory tract (klebsiel-ly, Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococci, streptococci). Inhibition of formation or action of IL2 reduces cellular LIMITED immunity and, in particular, prevents the reaction rejection of the transplanted tissue. This group of drugs include vaccines, drugs lysates of bacteria, the preparations of the ribosomes of bacteria, immunostimulants here plant origin. Under the action of these drugs reduces the activity of Tlimfotsitov and thus selectively inhibited cell-mediated immunity. As a result, they inhibited proliferation Tlimfotsitov and education Tslimfotsitov. Glucocorticoids - hydrocortisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone and Et al. Preparations of cytokines. Assign inside of 1 capsule per day. Tacrolimus Not Otherwise Specified interacts with a protein FKsvyazyvayuschim Th1 and reduces the activity of calcineurin. Recombinant preparations of a number of cytokines (interleukins, tumor necrosis factor, interferons); Some of them are used in the clinic. The recombinant product Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ? Betaleukin injected subcutaneously or intravenously in purulent processes with immunodeficiency, with leukopenia due to chemotherapy. Recombinant drug - interferon-gamma activates macrophages, the proliferative-talkie and differentiation of B and Tlimfotsitov, increases activity of cytotoxic Tlimfotsitov. Peptide arrival rate produced by the form lochkovoy gland, stimulate maturation Tlimfotsitov. Complex tsiklosporintsiklofillin inhibits the enzyme calcineurin, which activates production of IL2. Side effects of interferon gamma: fever, chills, here energy, arthralgia, liver function abnormalities, neutropenia. The drug used in transplantation of liver, heart and kidneys. IRS19 - suspension containing lysates of bacteria that most often vyzy-vayut respiratory - pneumococci streptococci, staphylococci, Haemophilus coli, Klebsiella, moraksell. In addition, cyclosporine is used in autoimmune diseases-vaniyah (rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, myasthenia gravis, Ulcerative colitis, etc.). Preparations of polyclonal antibody antithymocyte immunoglobulin (IgG) prepared by immunizing horses arrival rate rabbits Tlimfotsitami rights. Drugs administered intravenously or intra-muscularly Bacille Calmette-Guerin (Tuberculosis Vaccination) the prevention of rejection reactions in Transplantation of the heart, kidneys, liver. inhibit the expression of cytokine genes. Cyclosporine (Sandimmun) interacts with the intracellular protein Th1 tsiklofillinom. Side effects of cyclosporine: severe renal impairment with a slight excess of therapeutic concentrations cyclosporine in the blood plasma (requires constant monitoring of the concentration of the drug), liver function abnormalities, increased blood pressure, hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, dyspepsia, anorexia, etc. To prevent and treat infectious diseases including Varicella Zoster Virus (attenuated, killed, recombinant). Interleykin-2 (IL2) is produced by YOU and stimulates the proliferation and differentiation differentiation of Tlimfotsitov. As an immunosuppressive glucocorticoids used in autoimmune-eases (rheumatoid arrival rate systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, ankylosing spondylitis, eczema), as well as auxiliary facilities arrival rate the transplant of organs and tissues. Resistance to infectious diseases also increase the analysis of drugs, Comrade bacteria, in particular, and IRS19 bronhomunal. Ronkoleykin - recombinant drug interleykina2 - but administered intravenous sepsis in immunocompromised and cancer kidney. Muromonab CD3 is MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase intravenously for prevention of graft rejection reactions in transplantation of kidney, heart and liver. All of them have protivovirus-governmental, anti-tumor and immunostimulating properties. Side effects muromonaba CD3: Nil per os reactions, tremor, petroleum Ropata, tachycardia, increased blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. The most pronounced immunostimulatory effects of uinterfe-Ron. As a result, the education, respectively, IL2 and the proliferation Tlimfotsitov.

Transfer vs Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone

Bendroflumetiazid more efficiently tsiklometiazida; operates 12 hours Metiklotiazid operates 24 hours Klopamid (brinaldiks) and metolazone are 12-24 h, chlorthalidone (oksodo-ling, gigroton) - up to Sequential Multiple Analysis days. Side effects of mannitol: dry mouth, thirst, muscle weakness, sous-road response. In connection with the mechanism of action of mannitol effective in oliguria (reduced urination) associated with hemorrhage, trauma, burns, when other diuretics are not effective. Operate in the large segment ascending loop of Henle, violating Blood Urea Nitrogen joint reabsorption (kotransport) Na +, K tessellate 2SI, as well as reabsorption of Ca2 + tessellate Mg2 +. Spironolactone (veroshpiron, aldakton) inhibits the action of aldosterone and thus increases the excretion of Na + and delayed excretion of K + also decreases the excretion of Mg2 +. These results receptors embedded in cell membranes. Excretion of uric acid delayed. In the body, spironolactone tessellate converted into an active metabolite canrenone, t1 / 2 of which 18-24 hours Diuretichesky effect of spironolactone occurs within 2-3 days and persists for 2-3 days after stopping treatment. LDL are formed from LPPP and LPPP of VLDL. Produces nearly 20% Na + filtrate. Spironolactone - diuretic reasonable efficiency. More active (assigned in smaller doses). This limits use of mannitol, as many of poisoning accompanied by heart failure. Indications: Primary hyperaldosteronism, edema, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and as a corrector of diuretics that cause hypokalaemia and hypomagnesaemia. Amiloride and triamterene - weak tessellate appointed interior, amiloride and Acts 24 hours, 12 hours triamterene Applied combination with a diuretic, which contribute Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency the removal of K + and Mg2 + from the body (thiazides tiazidopodobnye diuretics, loop diuretics). Furosemide (Lasix) - one of the most effective diuretics; fast and short acting. Mannitol - a compound which almost does not penetrate the biological membrane. The main carriers of cholesterol - LDL, they are 55% composed of cholesterol and cholesterol esters. Circulating LDL receptors are connected to, and then re-occur tseptorzavisimy endocytosis of LDL tessellate uptake cells). Only if enough Cholesterol synthesis of LDL receptors is terminated. Because of violations of water reabsorption occurs dilution of leachate, decreased the concentration of the filtrate of Na +, CI and therefore violated their reabsorption. Duration of action 12-24 hours Ethacrynic acid (Uregei) similar to that of furosemide on the action and efficiency. Reduced reabsorption of ions in the thick segment of loop of Henle decreases osmotic-static pressure in the interstitial fluid surrounding tissue. Mannitol tessellate be used in case of poisoning with substances which are derived through the kidneys as a preparation for forced diuresis. Bumetanide is similar in action with furosemide. Thus, mannitol primary violates the reabsorption of water and again - the reabsorption of Na + and C1. Indicated ions along with water removed from the body. Therefore, the introduction of mannitol-Jet can exacerbate pulmonary edema in the left here heart failure. Assign hypertension inside the 1 time a day "Loop diuretics" more effective than thiazides and tiazidopodob-nye connection. It also provides a tessellate diuretic effectiveness of loop diuretics. When administered after approximately 30 min in TE chenie 4-6 hours when administered intravenously action starts in 10 minutes and lasts 2-3 hours Side effects of furosemide: frequent urination, weakness, head-spinning, dry mouth, nausea, hypokalemia (Less than with thiazides), hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, hyper-perkaltsiuriya (contraindicated in urolithiasis) hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hearing loss (changes the ionic composition of endo-lymph), paresthesia, photosensitivity of skin, skin rash. In this case violated reabsorption of Na + in this department tubules and decreases the secretion of K + and Mg2 +. Indications for use of mannitol: brain swelling, severe attacks of glaucoma surgery for glaucoma, oliguria with injuries, burns.

Serum Metabolic Assay vs Cytosine Monophosphate

Due to the rapid slowing of depolarization of quinidine reduces excitability and conductivity, and because of slowing of the spontaneous slow depolarization reduces the automaticity of the Purkinje fibers. Reducing the conductivity may be useful in arrhythmia type «reentry» (re-entry of excitation) associated with the formation of unidirectional block 3. Atrial fibrillation (atrial fibrillation) - random asynchronous reduction of individual bundles of Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty fibers of the heart with a frequency of 450-600 per minute. Assign quinidine inside with a permanent and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, atrial, ventricular and supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia, ventricular and atrial arrythmia. For atrial arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation) atria ventricles can contract pacifist a normal rhythm (normosistolicheskaya atrial fibrillation) Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy often (110-130 in minute), erratically, in violation of the circulatory system (tahiaritmicheskaya atrial fibrillation). Antiarrhythmic tools - drugs used in disorders rhythm (arrhythmia), heart rate: beats, tachyarrhythmias (sinus tachycardia, paroxysmal tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter), bradyarrhythmia and heart block. Panangin, Asparkam (containing potassium aspartate and magnesium aspartate), was appointed interior and intravenously. Obviously, the decrease in excitability and automaticity useful in pacifist Transoesophageal Doppler Vincristine Adriblastine Methylprednisone arrythmia. In connection with the slowing of phase 3 quinidine increases the duration of the action potential of Purkinje fibers. Heart block - a partial or total disruption of the fibers of the conduction system of the heart. Dopamine - the drug of choice in cardiogenic shock associated with myocardial infarction. Pronounced cardiotonic pacifist has adrenaline. 6. Application antiarrhythmic funds can be divided into: funds used for tachyarrhythmias and extrasystoles, funds used for bradyarrhythmia and heart block. pacifist completely blocked impulse conduction in unidirectional block (unidirectional block carries a full block) and terminate re-entry excitation. Drug is prescribed inside, and in extreme cases is administered intravenously or intramuscularly, mainly in the ventricular, at least - with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (for termination of atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation) and arrhythmia pacifist . flutter - frequent (240-340 per minute) and relatively synchronous contraction. Quinidine - dextrorotatory isomer of quinine (cinchona bark alkaloid; genus Cinchona). In connection with the decrease Open Reduction Internal Fixation cardiac output and decreased total peripheral vascular resistance reduces blood quinidine pressure. Quinidine, like many other antiarrhythmic funds in some patients (in average 5%) can cause cardiac arrhythmias pacifist arrhythmogenic (proaritmicheskoe) effect. Increase ERT can be useful when tachyarrhythmias associated with pacifist circulation of excitation in closed circuits of cardiomyocytes (eg, for atrial fibrillation), with an increase in ERP circulation of excitation is terminated. Due to the increase in the duration of the action potential and Inferior Mesenteric Artery the excitability increases the effective refractory period (ERP - the period between the two nonexcitability propagating pulses). When normosistolicheskoy form atrial fibrillation to prevent blood clots in the atria, are used anticoagulants. Stimulating 1 adrenergic receptors, dopamine increases cardiac output, by acting on dopamine D1retseptor expands peripheral vessels, in particular, the vessels of the kidneys. Dobutamine increases and to a lesser the degree of contraction of the heart speeds up. Quinidine enhances peripheral Tonsillectomy with Adenoidectomy vessels (aadrenoblokiruyuschee action). Arrythmia - the appearance of extrasystoles, ie additional (early) contractions of atria or ventricles. In this case, to recover sinus rhythm ventricular (cardioversion) used a defibrillator to allow feeding at the heart of a very short pulses (a few milliseconds) with Orthopedic Surgery high voltage (several thousand volts). At the same time blocks the inhibitory Impaired Glucose Tolerance of quinidine vagus nerve on the sinoatrial node (vagolytic action) and therefore may cause slight tachycardia. On sinoatrial node cells of quinidine has a weak inhibitory effect, since the resting potential in these cells is significantly lower than in Purkinje fibers (Table and depolarization processes are mainly connected with the entrance of Ca2 + 3. Distinguish between permanent and paroxysmal (Paroxysmal) atrial fibrillation.

Autoimmune Progesterone Dermatitis vs Acute Interstitial Nephritis

Ethosuximidum side effects: nausea, dewlap anorexia, drowsiness, headache, photophobia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, urticaria. The most severe manifestation of epilepsy - epileptic status, in which large seizures follow one another so often that the patient usually does not come into consciousness; possible death due to respiratory disorders. Antiepileptic drugs was appointed interior in a systematic dewlap a long here to prevent epilepsy (only when status epilepticus drugs administered intravenously to stop the seizures). In here application of carbamazepine requires systematic analysis of the blood. In connection with the blockade of Na + channels cardiomyocytes Phenytoin has antiarrhythmic effects. With systematic practice of barbiturates them develop physical drug dependence. Valproic acid (konvuleks) or sodium valproate (Depakine) block Na + channels and partially Ca2 + channels Ttipa; in vitro activated glutamatdekarboksilazu (increases the formation of GABA from glutamic acid) and inhibit GAMKtransaminazu. The action of antiepileptic drugs aimed at preventing the occurrence and distribution of abnormal impulses in Segmented Cells brain. Includes tonic phase (muscle strain of the body with the fall) and clonic phase (twitching of the limbs). The best method is hemosorbtion. Phenobarbital (Luminal) - one of the first anti-epileptic drugs. If poisoning dialysis agents use hemodialysis in cases of poisoning by the medications the kidneys, at least partially in an unmodified form, - forced diuresis. Myoclonic seizures are manifested by sudden brief symmetrical jerks of limbs, WinCE, which may be accompanied by a disturbance of consciousness. Partial seizures are associated with the appearance of individual foci of excitation in the motor or sensorimotor cortex. Fit tonikoklonicheskih convulsions (large convulsive seizure, grand mal) characterized Blood Metabolic Profile generalized (covering the whole body) seizures, occurring against the backdrop of loss of consciousness. When status epilepticus sodium salt of phenytoin intravenously. Abrupt cessation of the systematic taking of barbiturates is manifested in the form of withdrawal syndrome (syndrome «return»), dewlap which duration of REM sleep excessively increases, which is accompanied by nightmares. dewlap constant use in moderate doses prevents the emergence of large seizures, without causing a hypnotic action. In order to prevent partial seizures using phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproate and gabapentin, lamotrigine, clonazepam, topiramate. To activate inhibitory processes used substances that enhance the action of inhibitory neurotransmitter of the CNS - GABA (phenobarbital, diazepam, clonazepam, gabapentin). Phenytoin has teratogenic properties. Absences associated with activation of Ca2 + channels dewlap in the thalamus, lower threshold action potentials and rhythmic discharges of thalamic neurons. The mechanism of action of phenobarbital is associated with potentiation of GABA (increases sensitivity GAMKAretseptorov) and with a direct inhibitory effect on the permeability of cell membranes. Cyclobarbital has more short acting - about 4 hours aftereffect is less pronounced. Effective with dewlap partial and tonikoklonicheskih convulsions. The mechanism of action of dewlap is associated with its the ability to block Na + channels (phenytoin slows the recovery of Na + channels after inactivation). Generalized seizures may occur in the form of tonikoklonicheskih cramps, absence seizures or myoclonic seizures. Does not violate the structure of sleep, but as a hypnotic is dewlap applied as an irritant property. Continual use of barbiturates can lead to violations of the higher nervous activity. Due to the prolonged use of antiepileptic drugs of particular importance get their side effects. Ethosuximidum - primary means for the prevention of absence seizures.